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Grand Rounds

Meta-analysis: Does Poor Maternal Diet Increase Risk for Respiratory Problems in Childhood?

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

  • Evidence is conflicting evidence whether suboptimal diet during pregnancy is associated with poor respiratory outcomes in children
  • Mensink-Bout et al. (European Respiratory Journal, 2022) examined whether a pro-inflammatory or low-quality maternal diet during pregnancy was associated with child’s respiratory health

METHODS:

  • Individual participant data meta-analysis
  • Population
    • Mother–child pairs from seven European birth cohorts
  • Exposure
    • Maternal pro-inflammatory and low-quality diets
  • Study design
    • Maternal pro-inflammatory and low-quality diets were estimated by energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores
    • E-DII Diet
      • Main pro-inflammatory components: Trans fat | Saturated fat | Cholesterol
      • Main anti-inflammatory components: Nutrients derived from fruits and vegetables and n-3 fatty acids
    • Preschool wheezing: Ever reported wheezing during the first 4 years of life
    • School-age asthma: Asthma diagnosis reported between 5 and 10 years
    • Adjustments for lifestyle and sociodemographic factors
    • Outcomes were measured using questionnaires and spirometry
  • Primary outcomes
    • Preschool wheezing
    • School-age asthma
    • Lung function

RESULTS:

  • 18 ,326 mother–child pairs
  • More pro-inflammatory diets during pregnancy (higher maternal E-DII score) were associated only with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) in children
    • z-score difference −0.05 (95% CI, −0.08– −0.02) per interquartile range increase
  • There were no associations between maternal E-DII or DASH score with
    • Childhood wheezing
    • Asthma
  • In an exploratory examination of the extremes, a very low DASH score (<10th percentile; a very low dietary quality) was associated with
    • Increased risk of preschool wheezing
    • Low forced expiratory volume over 1 second (FEV1)
  • Outcome effects were not altered following adjustment for early growth factors, lower respiratory tract infections nor child’s BMI

CONCLUSION:

  • Low-quality diets during pregnancy, including those that are pro-inflammatory, were not associated with poor respiratory outcomes in childhood
  • The authors state

The main results from this individual participant data meta-analysis do not support the hypothesis that maternal pro-inflammatory or low-quality diet in pregnancy are related to respiratory diseases in childhood

Learn More – Primary Sources:

Maternal diet in pregnancy and child’s respiratory outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 18 000 children

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Related ObG Topics:

Results from the ESTEEM Trial: Mediterranean Diet in Pregnancy and Adverse Outcome Risk Reduction
Does Treating Hyperglycemia Earlier in Pregnancy Improve Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes?
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) and its Role in Preventing Birth Defects

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