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ACOG & USPSTF Guidance: Still a Role for the Annual Pelvic Exam?

SUMMARY:

The main outcomes measures of the USPSTF Evidence Report and Systematic Review on the topic of periodic pelvic exams were morbidity, mortality, harms caused by misdiagnoses and diagnostic inaccuracy for gynecologic cancers and conditions. Cervical cancer and STDs were not included. The summary conclusion states

No direct evidence was identified for overall benefits and harms of the pelvic examination as a 1-time or periodic screening test. Limited evidence was identified regarding the diagnostic accuracy and harms of routine screening pelvic examinations in asymptomatic primary care populations.

ACOG continues to recommend that a comprehensive history should guide aspects of the physical exam, such as breast and pelvic examination.  In other words, physical exam should be viewed in terms of a comprehensive provider-patient encounter.

The summary recommendations and conclusions include the following

A well-woman visit provides an excellent opportunity to counsel patients about maintaining a healthy lifestyle and minimizing health risks.

The periodic well-woman care visit should include screening, evaluation and counseling, and immunizations based on age and risk factors.

The interval for specific individual services may differ for individual patients, and the scope of services provided may vary in different ambulatory care settings.

Team-based care, including obstetrician–gynecologists, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and other health care professionals, may facilitate meeting the needs of preventive care for women.

KEY POINTS:

Comprehensive ‘Well-Woman’ History

When taking a history, obtain the following

  • Symptoms, if any
  • Past history
    • Medical
    • Surgical
    • Social
    • Gyn
      • Sexual health
      • Reproductive health
    • Mental health (use screening tools as appropriate)
  • Medications and allergies
  • Family history (screening tools available – see ‘Related ObG Topics’ below for more information)

Pelvic and Breast Examinations

  • Perform pelvic and breast examinations based on above history and/or symptoms
  • A pelvic examination should be a shared decision process due to limited data regarding harms vs benefit

Risk Factors

  • Assess for the presence of
    • Smoking
    • Poor nutrition/dietary habits
    • Limited physical activity
    • Alcohol intake
  • The above risk factors contribute to CVD, diabetes and malignancies
  • Counsel regarding lifestyle choices and potential impact and overall and reproductive health
  • ACOG has an obesity toolkit (see ‘Learn More – Primary Sources’ below)

Discussion of Reproductive Life Plan

  • A discussion of a reproductive life plan can include
    • Preconception counseling
    • Infertility concerns/assessment
    • Contraception
  • The well-woman visit can be used to discuss issues surrounding perimenopause and postmenopause

Learn More – Primary Sources:

USPSTF: Periodic Screening Pelvic Examination – Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

ACOG Committee Opinion 755: Well-Woman Visit

ACOG Comittee Opinion 754: The Utility of and Indications for Routine Pelvic Examination