The purpose of induction of labor is to stimulate uterine contractions before onset of spontaneous labor for vaginal delivery. The rates of induction of labor have significantly increased during the last decades. In 1990, less than 10% of pregnancies underwent induction of labor, vs 30% by 2019. Currently, induction of labor is one of the most frequently performed obstetric procedures. A recent RCT comparing elective induction of labor at 39 weeks gestation with expectant management in nulliparous people (the ARRIVE trial – see below in ‘Related ObG Topics’), showed no increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality rates with lower rates of cesarean delivery. These results may lead to an increase in induction rates in the near future.
Indications include but are not limited to the following
Note: See summary of guidance on timing of delivery for medical indications below in ‘Related ObG Topics’
Bishop Score
Cervical Ripening Agents
Note: After prostaglandin use (misoprostol or dinoprostone), patient should remain recumbent for at least 30 minutes | Fetal heart tracing should be monitored continuously for 30 minutes to 2 hours | FHR monitoring should be continued if regular uterine contractions are persistent
Oxytocin
Membrane Stripping
Amniotomy
Nipple Stimulation
Ruptured Membranes
Intrauterine Fetal Demise
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