FDA Requires Breast Density Disclosure in Mammogram Reports

SUMMARY:

The FDA has updated mammography regulations under the Mammography Quality Standards Act, now requiring facilities to inform patients about their breast density in both clinical reports and lay summaries. These changes highlight how dense breast tissue can reduce the accuracy of mammograms and increase breast cancer risk, and they encourage patients to discuss screening options with their healthcare provider. While ACOG advises healthcare professionals to comply with all legal requirements, it maintains that current evidence does not clearly support improved outcomes from additional screening based solely on breast density.

Summary of Results to be Provided to Patients (FDA Rule)

Non-Dense Breast

Breast tissue can be either dense or not dense

Dense tissue makes it harder to find breast cancer on a mammogram and also raises the risk of developing breast cancer

Your breast tissue is not dense

Talk to your healthcare provider about breast density, risks for breast cancer, and your individual situation

Dense Breast

Breast tissue can be either dense or not dense

Dense tissue makes it harder to find breast cancer on a mammogram and also raises the risk of developing breast cancer

Your breast tissue is dense

In some people with dense tissue, other imaging tests in addition to a mammogram may help find cancers

Talk to your healthcare provider about breast density, risks for breast cancer, and your individual situation

ACOG

• The current ACOG Practice Advisory States

While ACOG does not recommend routine use of alternative or adjunctive tests to screening mammography in individuals with dense breasts who are asymptomatic and have no additional risk factors, ACOG recommends that clinicians comply with the new FDA rule and any state laws and federal rules that require disclosure of a patient’s breast density as recorded in a mammogram report

BI-RADS Density Categories (for more on BI-RADS classification, see ‘Related ObG Topics’ Below)

• a. Breasts are almost entirely fatty
  • Prevalence: 10%
  • Mammography considered highly sensitive in this setting (88%)
• b. There are scattered areas of fibroglandular density
  • Prevalence: 43%
  • Still sensitive but decreased from category a (82%)
• c. Breasts are heterogeneously dense
  • Prevalence: 39%
  • Small masses may be obscured
  • Sensitivity drops to 69%
• d. Breasts are extremely dense
  • Prevalence: 8%
  • Significantly lowers sensitivity of mammography (62%)

KEY POINTS:

• Dense breast tissue and screening is more common in younger women
  • Accuracy of mammography for the detection of breast cancer is reduced (less sensitive)
  • In women with heterogeneously and extremely dense breasts, digital mammography appears to be superior to film with respect to efficacy
• Breast cancer risk
  • Dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density categories c and d) is associated with increased breast cancer risk
  • BI-RADS c breast cancer risk: 1.2 relative risk compared to average breast density
  • BI-RADS d breast cancer risk: 2.1 relative risk compared to average breast density
• The FDA also has required reporting language that should be provided to the referring healthcare professional that falls into 4 categories

(A) The breasts are almost entirely fatty

(B) There are scattered areas of fibroglandular density

(C) The breasts are heterogeneously dense, which may obscure small masses

(D) The breasts are extremely dense, which lowers the sensitivity of mammography

Learn More – Primary Sources:

FDA Updates Mammography Regulations to Require Reporting of Breast Density Information and Enhance Facility Oversight (2023)

ACOG Committee Opinion 625: Management of Women With Dense Breasts Diagnosed by Mammography

ACOG Practice Advisory: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Requires Notification of Breast Density in Mammography Reports