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Grand Rounds

Is Nut Consumption Associated with Reduced Weight Gain?

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

  • Liu et al. (BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 2019) assessed the association between nut consumption with long-term weight change

METHODS:

  • Secondary analysis of data from three prospective, longitudinal cohorts
    • Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2010) | Nurses’ Health Study (1986-2010) | Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2011)
  • Participants
    • Health professionals in the US
    • No chronic disease at baseline
    • Study design and data analysis using multivariate linear models assessed
    • Changes in nut consumption over 4-year intervals
    • Concurrent weight change over 20–24 years of follow-up

RESULTS:

  • 27,521 men (HPFS) | 61,680 women (NSH) | 55,684 (NHSII)
    • Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m): 21,322 by end of follow-up
    • Average weight gain: 0.32 kg per year
  • Nut consumption was significantly associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval (p<0.01 for all)
    • Total consumption of nuts: −0.19 kg (95% CI, -0.21 to -0.17)
    • Walnuts: -0.37 kg (95% CI, -0.45 to -0.30)
    • Other tree nuts: -0.36 kg (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.31)
    • Peanuts: -0.15 kg (95% CI, -0.19 to -0.11)
  • Increasing intakes of nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts by 0.5 servings/day was associated with a lower risk of obesity
    • Total nuts: Relative Risk (RR) 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99; p=0.0036)
    • Walnuts: RR 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.89; p=0.0002)
    • Other tree nuts: 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91; p<0.0001)
  • Nut consumption was associated with a lower risk of gaining ≥2 kg or ≥5 kg (p<0.01)
  • Substitution analyses
    • 0.5 servings/day of nuts swapped in for Red meat | Processed meat | French fries | Desserts | Potato chips
    • Associated with less weight gain (p<0.05)

CONCLUSION:

  • Consuming nuts is associated with less weight gain and a lower risk of obesity
  • Cohorts mostly Caucasian healthcare professionals and therefore results may not be generalizable to other populations

Learn More – Primary Sources:

Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women

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Related ObG Topics:

More Evidence on Whether Eating Nuts Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease
How do Walnuts Improve Appetite and Glycemic Control?
Could Plant-Based Diets Help Prevent Type 2 Diabetes?

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