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Does Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy Reduce the Risk of Enamel Defects in Children?

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

  • Nørrisgaard et al. (JAMA Pediatrics, 2019) investigated whether vitamin D supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of enamel defects and caries in offspring

METHODS:

  • Post hoc analysis of a double-blind, single-center RCT
    • The clinical trial was the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort (COPSAC2010)
  • Participants
    • Women recruited at 24 weeks gestation
    • Offspring dental exam at 6 years
  • Intervention (from 24 weeks GA to 1 week postpartum)
    • Vitamin D group: High-dose vitamin D3 (2400 IU/d)
    • Control group: matching placebo tablets
    • All women received 400 IU/d of vitamin D3 as part of standard care and therefore final comparison was 2800 IU/d vs 400 IU/d
  • Definitions (both deciduous and permanent teeth)
    • Enamel defect: ≥1 molar with (1) demarcated opacity (2) enamel breakdown and/or (3) atypical restoration/ extractions
    • Caries (WHO standard): (1) Decayed (2) missing or (3) filled surfaces

RESULTS:

  • 623 women | 588 children participated
    • 6-year dental exam: 84% completion
    • Vitamin D group: n=315
    • Control group: n=308
  • Risk of enamel defects in permanent teeth was lower in high-dose Vitamin D group
    • Vitamin D group: 15.1%
    • Control group: 27.5%
    • Odds ratio (OR) 0.47 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81)
  • Risk of enamel defects in deciduous teeth was also lower in high-dose Vitamin D group
    • Vitamin D group: 8.6%
    • Control group: 15.9%
    • OR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.87)
  • Caries: There was no difference between groups

CONCLUSION:

  • High-dose prenatal vitamin D supplementation resulted in an approximately 50% reduction in the odds for enamel defects in offspring at 6 years of age
  • The authors suggest that high-dose vitamin D supplementation may be “a preventive intervention to reduce the prevalence of enamel defects with a significant potential effect on dental health”

Learn More – Primary Sources:

Association of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Enamel Defects in Offspring – A 6-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial

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