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#Grand Rounds

Could Esomeprazole Prolong Pregnancy for Women with Preterm Preeclampsia?

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 

  • Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is used in pregnancy (FDA category B) to treat gastric reflux 
  • Other biologic effects include  
    • Decreases sFlt-1 and soluble endoglin production, which are angiogenic factors associated with abnormal maternal endothelial function and hypertension  
    • Dilates blood vessels  
  • Cluver et al. (AJOG, 2018) examined whether esomeprazole could prolong pregnancy in women with preterm preeclampsia

METHODS: 

  • Double blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) 
  • Participants 
    •  Women with preterm preeclampsia 
      • 26w0d- 31w6d 
    • Excluded if immediate delivery was indicated  
  • Women either received 
    • 40 mg daily esomeprazole  
    • Placebo 
  • Primary outcome: Prolongation of pregnancy of 5 days (based on power of the study)  
  • Secondary outcomes  
    • Composite and individual maternal and neonatal outcomes 
  • Circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction associated with preeclampsia were compared between groups  
  • Pharmocokinetic studies were also completed

RESULTS: 

  • 119 patients were included in the study  
    • 59 esomeprazole | 60 placebo  
    • Median gestation age at enrollment: 29w4d  
  • There was no between-group differences in median time from randomization to delivery 
    •  11.4 days in the esomeprazole group 
    •  8.3 days in the placebo group  
    • 95% CI, -2·9-8·8 (P=0.31) 
  • Abruption 
    • There were no placental abruptions in the esomeprazole group vs 10% in the placebo group, but not significant when adjusted for multiple comparisons for other secondary outcomes  (P=0.14 adjusted) 
  • There were no differences in other maternal or neonatal outcomes, or markers of endothelial dysfunction 
  • Esomeprazole and its metabolites were detected in maternal blood but only trace amounts in the umbilical cord blood

CONCLUSION: 

  • 40 mg daily esomeprazole, the dose required to lower gastric pH, did not prolong gestation, decrease markers of endothelial dysfunction, or improve maternal or neonatal outcome 
  • The study was powered for a 5 day prolongation and this study showed 3 days difference 
    • To confirm that 3 days difference was significant, >400 participants would be required in each group  
  • Higher levels via higher dosing or IV route, may be required to alter sFlt-1 levels in maternal circulation  
  • The authors also note that once a diagnosis of preeclampsia has been made, it may not be reversible 
    • Esomeprazole may be better suited to prevent preeclampsia  
    • Further clinical trials will be required to prove that hypothesis

Learn More – Primary Sources: 

Esomeprazole to treat women with preterm preeclampsia: a randomised placebo controlled trial

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Related ObG Topics:

Diagnosing Preeclampsia – Key Definitions and ACOG Guidelines
ASPRE Trial: A Combined Risk Algorithm and Use of Aspirin to Prevent Preterm Preeclampsia
Aspirin Treatment for Women at Risk for Preeclampsia – ACOG and USPSTF Recommendations  

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