The current understanding of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is that there is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy or when trying to get pregnant. All types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines and beer. Professional colleges recommend screening women in pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is on the most severe end of the spectrum.
Abnormal facial features (see diagram below)
Growth problems (prenatal or postnatal)
CNS
Maternal Alcohol Exposure
Facial Features of FAS (Credit: NIAAA)
T-ACE & TACER-3 (same questions with different cut-offs) – Developed for Pregnancy
Note: T-ACE cut-off is 2; TACER-3 cut-off is 3, which results in fewer false positives
ACOG Provides AUDIT Screening Test in the Tools Section of the FASD Prevention Site
CDC Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) – Basics
FASDs: Information for Healthcare Providers | CDC
AAFP: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
ACOG: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Prevention Program
AUDIT: audit-us-alcohol-use-disorders-identification-test.pdf
Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in 4 US Communities
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